[63]:41 (PDF p.115) The replacement bridge started construction in late 1898 and was completed in 1901. GOLF LINKS FOR PELHAM 18-Hole Course and Modern Clubhouse to Be Located at North Side of Park", "NEW GOLF COURSE BEGUN AT PELHAM; Seeding for Turf Is Started -- Clubhouse to Stand at Shore Road and Split Rock", "A Critical Tour of the Empire: Battery Park to High Bridge", "ADMINISTRATOR IS NAMED FOR 2 LARGE CITY PARKS", "Board of Commissioners of the NYC Dept of Public Parks Minutes and Documents: May 2, 1888 April 26, 1889", "DRAFT 1A ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT -REPLACEMENT OF CITY ISLAND ROAD BRIDGE OVER EASTCHESTER BAY, BRONX, NEW YORK", "Hurricane Sandy Drives Tutor Perini Results", "City Island Residents Say Goodbye To Old Bridge As Concerns Persist About Temporary Replacement", "Board of Commissioners of the NYC Dept of Public Parks Minutes and Documents: May 3, 1897 April 28, 1898", "TO CONNECTICUT; New England Thruway to Open Direct Route From Bronx to Rhode Island", "MTA Bus Time: Bx29 City Island Co-op City Bay Plaza", "MOTT HAVEN HARLEM RIVER AND PORTCHESTER RAILROAD", "REAL ESTATE MATTERS Near Opening of the Harlem and Portchester Railroad [The New Haven Branch Line]", "Bronx Bridge's Upkeep Won't Fall to Amtrak", "MONORAIL CAR FAILS IN ITS FIRST TEST; But Electricians and Officials of Pelham Park & City Island Line Say That Was Expected", "On This Day in 1910, New York's Monorail Suffered a Grievous Wreck", "CITY LORE; The Timetable of Age Overtakes Stations", "Where Ghost Passengers Await Very Late Trains", New York City Department of Transportation, American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York, "HUDSON-RARITAN ESTUARY COMPREHENSIVE RESTORATION PLAN: POTENTIAL RESTORATION OPPORTUNITIES: PROJECT SUMMARY SHEETS: Harlem River, East River and Bronx River", "Van Cortlandt Park, Borough of the Bronx: Restoration Master Plan, Part 1", "1905 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report", "1907 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report", "1908 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report, Part 2", "1909 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report", "1911 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report", "1912 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report (Part 2)", "1914 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report (Part 3)", "1914 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report (Part 2)", "1915 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report (Part 2)", "1916 New York City Department of Public Parks Annual Report", "Board of Commissioners of the NYC Dept of Public Parks Minutes: January 4, 1917 December 27, 1917", "1919 Bronx Borough Parks Department Annual Report", "1920 Bronx Borough Parks Department Annual Report", "1921 Bronx Borough Parks Department Annual Report", "1922 Bronx Borough Parks Department Annual Report", NYC Department of Parks & Recreation Pelham Bay Park Virtual Tour, Geography of New YorkNew Jersey Harbor Estuary, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelham_Bay_Park&oldid=1095529865, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using New York City Subway service templates, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 June 2022, at 21:55.

The 0.25-mile (0.40km) Pelham Track and Field includes an artificial turf football field as well as long jumping. Before the colonization of what is now New York State in the 17th century, Pelham Bay Park comprised an archipelago of islands separated by salt marshes and peninsular beaches. Originally, the club wanted to construct a park on Hunter Island, but Van Etten felt that the island was too small for a full 18-hole course. Some 11 acres (4.5ha) of forest were also restored, with 10,000 trees being replaced. [132], The Kazimiroff Nature Trail, a wildlife observation trail, opened in 1986. [163][164][165] The track, which cost $630,000,[163] was hosted jointly by the city and the organizers of the 1964 New York World's Fair. [280]:1092 New stations designed by Cass Gilbert were opened in 1908, but the line's stations were all closed by 1937, having suffered from low ridership. The monument was designed by John J. Sheridan and sculpted by Belle Kinney and Leopold Scholz. The 3.2-mile (5.1km) route was complete by 1892. [32] Bartow died in 1868, and his family sold the mansion to the city in 1880. [229][228] Later that month, workers began construction at the northwest course location. [260] The station is part of the former Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT)'s Pelham Line. [160], Most of the lagoon was filled in during the mid-1930s reconstruction of Orchard Beach, and the bay became known as the "Orchard Beach Lagoon", or the Lagoon for short. [8], The Dutch West India Company purchased the land in 1639. [232], In 1934, a new 18-hole course was announced for the north side of the park, along with a renovation to the Pelham Bay course under the WPA. The Bridle Trail passes close to the rock, but is separated from the rock by the parkway's exit ramp. [104] Tallapoosa West continued to be used as a landfill until May 1968, when the landfill permit was revoked. ; WESTCHESTER PEOPLE ASK MAYOR HEWITT'S AID TO KILL THE SCHEME", "Rough on Pelham, but Must We Pay for It? [12] Oostdorp became the area known as Westchester Square, to the southwest of the current park. The original 11-mile (18km) section included bridle paths along the right-of-way. [60]:70 (PDF p.128) After the park opened, several individuals were allowed to reside in the mansions within the park. Two Trees Island itself consists of a rocky plateau upon which one can see Orchard Beach and the environmental center. Pelham Bay Park was also very dirty, and discarded trash from several decades prior was still visible. [239] This section of the park also includes the Pelham Bay Nature Center. Pelham Bay Park contains many geographical features, both natural and man-made. [88] In early 1935, workers began placing the garbage fill[90] around Rodman's Neck, Twin Island, and Hunter Island. The melting of the glaciers caused the formation of the current marshes. [274] The monorail ceased operation on April 3, 1914,[275][276][277] and was subsequently sold to the Third Avenue Railway,[278] which abandoned the line on August 9, 1919. Ownership of the manor then went to the Bartow family,[25] who were maternal descendants of the Pell family. At the circle's eastern side, the trail splits again. [238] A tribute to the athletic body, it once stood outside the Rice Stadium and Recreation Building; the stadium, named and funded by the widow of Isaac Leopold Rice, stood at the site from the 1920s until 1989. [186] Parts of the original tree were donated to museums and historical societies. One Pelham resident's letter to New York City Mayor Abram Hewitt, asking for financial assistance to supplement the town's growing tax rate, was published in The New York Times in February 1887. [3], Eastchester Bay is a body of water that separates City Island and most of the park from the park's southwest portion and the rest of the Bronx. The Hutchinson River empties into Eastchester Bay near the northern end. [95] Soon after Orchard Beach opened, it was expanded, starting with the southern locker room in 1939.

[61]:9 (PDF p.67),32 (PDF p.89),109 (PDF p.193) The next year, two buildings near Pelham Bridge were auctioned off. The park is more than three times the size of Manhattan's Central Park. [82] The mansion was destroyed in 1937 during the construction of Orchard Beach. [49][47] The government of New York City also did not want to pay taxes to the town of Pelham if it bought the land for the park, which had been one of the reasons for its initial opposition to acquiring the land. It is, at 2,772 acres (1,122ha),[a] the largest public park in New York City. [52]:695 An expansion of Eastern Boulevard (later Shore Road) began in 1895. [70] In 1904, an athletic field was opened within Pelham Bay Park. [218] It contains a set of twin pavilions, which were both landmarked by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 2006. Her daughter, Susanna, the only member of the family to survive the massacre, was at the rock during the time of the attack, which took place at the house, a distance away. In 1654 an Englishman named Thomas Pell purchased 50,000 acres (200km) from the Siwanoy, land which would become known as Pelham Manor after Charles II's 1666 charter. [100] The beach was renovated starting in 1964. [134] The park is divided into several sections, including two main sections roughly divided by Eastchester Bay. Work on the restoration project was paused in June 2015 as a result of the finds. Citing the 1906 deed that transferred the bridge's maintenance to the company that owned the railroad below it, the city then filed a lawsuit to make Amtrak pay for the renovation. [29]:246,255 On October 18, 1776, he landed 4,000 men at Pelham, close to the current park. By 1842, construction was complete on the Bartow-Pell Mansion, the family's manor. [128] Further digs at the site uncovered more than a hundred artifacts, some of which dated to the third century CE. [270][271] The monorail's first journey in July 1910 ended with the monorail toppling on its side,[272][273][271] and although service resumed in November 1910, the monorail went into receivership in December 1911. [82] The golf courses were reopened in June 1935, sixteen months after construction commenced. [66]:65, In spring 1902, NYC Parks destroyed two houses in the park and used the remaining wood to build free bathhouses, which were used by about 700 bathers per day during that summer. [88][89] Moses thought that waste from the New York City Department of Sanitation would be cheaper than sand. The sanctuary supports a unique intertidal marine ecosystem that is rare in New York State. [210] Meanwhile, City Island Road continues southeast to City Island Circle, where it intersects with Park Drive, a road that connects to Orchard Beach Road in the north and Rodman's Neck in the south. The club's presence gave the peninsula its current name, and in turn, the club's name was derived from Tallapoosa, Georgia, where some of its members had fought during the American Civil War. [9] The park used land from multiple estates spread out over an excess of 1,700 acres (690ha). [284] The bike trails within the park itself are of varying difficulties. [224][32] The mansion, originally built in 1842, was sold to the city in 1880 and went maintained until 1914, when the city and International Garden Club assumed joint maintenance of the building. [202][203], Saltwater fishing is also popular within the park, but is prohibited on Orchard Beach when the beach is open during the summer. [41][43][40][44], Legal disputes carried on for years. . [238][241] The other is the Bronx Victory Column & Memorial Grove. It connects to Eastchester Bay at the south, and opens onto Long Island Sound and City Island Harbor at the east. This berm caused the north end of Turtle Cove to become mostly freshwater, which attracted freshwater drinking rare birds in the meadow. [104][105] Plans to expand the landfills in Pelham Bay Park in 1966, which would have created the City's second-largest refuse disposal site next to Fresh Kills in Staten Island, were met with widespread community opposition. [136] Around the early 1900s, a land berm was created across Turtle Cove for rails for horsecars. [111] The landfill closed in 1978. [141] They built a mansion in the English Georgian style[139][142] at the highest point on the island (90 feet above sea level). City Island Road then continues southeast across the City Island Bridge to the eponymous island. [238] Another playground, the Sweetgum Playground, is located near Bruckner Boulevard. [136], Plans for a golf course in Pelham Bay Park have existed since soon after the park was founded. There are also several recreational areas within the park. [54] Despite the park being for public use, some of the old estates remained standing, with a few occupied by private families. [195][196] It contains many glacial erratics, large boulders that were deposited during the last ice age,[195][194] as well as the largest continuous oak forest in Pelham Bay Park. [83][84], A final design for the beach was unveiled in July 1935. [243] Before 1992, there was no private maintenance of the park;[244] the earliest efforts for such a thing date to 1983, when an administrator was appointed to oversee both Van Cortlandt and Pelham Bay Parks. [220] The southwest park also contains a dog run, four more baseball fields (for a total of six), two bocce courts, several basketball courts, and nine tennis courts. [52]:693[46] Pelham Bay Park became a recreation area under the auspices of the Bronx Parks Department,[53] which bought the land for $2,746,688, equivalent to $82,838,075 in 2021. [257][173], The second highway through the park, the New England Thruway, opened in its entirety in October 1958, connecting the Bruckner Expressway in the south with the Connecticut Turnpike in the northeast. [11] Two glacial erratics in the park, deposited during the end of the last ice age, were used ceremonially by the Siwanoy: the "Gray Mare" on Hunter Island, and Mishow near the Theodore Kazimiroff Nature Trail. [250][251], The century-old City Island Bridge was subsequently replaced again in the 2010s. [119], In 1990, NYC Parks received a $6.3 million gift for improvements to Pelham Bay Park and twenty other parks around the city. It also includes Rodman's Neck as well as a portion of the park known as "The Meadow". [152] The Tallapoosa Club used a mansion originally built by the Lorillard family. One spur goes northeast in a self-closing loop to the Bartow-Pell Mansion, and the other goes northwest to connect to Split Rock Trail before going around the Hutchinson River Parkway's interchange with Orchard Beach Road. [248], The Pelham Bridge, which had opened in 1871 on the site of two previous bridges,[249] was also incorporated into the park. [124], In 2010, construction began on extending the jetty at Orchard Beach at a cost of $13 million. [63]:PDF p.443[52]:695 Planning for a new bridge started in 1901,[66]:64 and NYC Parks transferred the responsibility for constructing the new bridge to the Department of Bridges in 1902. [104] The landfill expansion was seen as a way to alleviate the city's accumulations of waste, and Tallapoosa was seen as the only suitable location to put the landfill. The Siwanoy referred to the island as "Laap-Ha-Wach King", or "place of stringing beads". [50] There was a proposal to have New York City pay taxes to Pelham if it acquired the land, which the city's Tax Department called "entirely novel, and of course, wrong". [67]:117 (PDF p.86) A new stone bridge was opened in 1908 to accommodate higher volumes of traffic. [81] Moses decided to connect Hunter Island and the Twin Islands to Rodman's Neck by filling in most of LeRoy's Bay.

Archer Milton Huntington, the founder of the Hispanic Society of America, and his wife, sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington, had acquired the property in 1896 after the park had been established. [136] The Pelham Bridge carries traffic across the Eastchester Bay between the southwest section and the rest of the park. [77] The beach and existing golf course would be reconstructed through the Works Progress Administration (WPA) under the 1930s New Deal program. [3] The New England Thruway (I-95), a partial toll road, also has a short highway section in the park's northwest corner. [112][113] The waste from the landfill reportedly led to health problems for residents of nearby communities such as Country Club. [106] In November of that year, Tallapoosa West was made a part of the Pell refuge. [45], After much litigation, the city acquired the land for the park. [136], Split Rock Trail originates at Bartow Circle and stretches for 1.5 miles (2.4km) along the west side of the park. [51], Despite Pelham residents' opposition to the park, the city acquired the land for Pelham Bay Park in 1887, and it officially became a park in 1888. [210][211], Orchard Beach (405202N 734745W / 40.867304N 73.795946W / 40.867304; -73.795946 (Orchard Beach)), a public beach, is part of Pelham Bay Park[69] and comprises the borough's only beach. [194] The area is home to a variety of wildlife including raccoon, egrets, hawks, and coyotes. [209], To the southeast, the City Island Bridge connects the park to City Island. They lived a mostly hunter-gatherer existence. [234] The new course brought the total number of holes in the park's courses to 36, with each course being between 3,000 and 3,300 feet (910 and 1,010m) between the first and last tees. [254], The park is traversed by the Hutchinson River Parkway on its west side. [269][283], Bicycle paths go to all parts of the park and west to Bronx Park, east to City Island, and north to Mount Vernon. For other uses, see, Hunter Island Marine Zoology and Geology Sanctuary, Landmarks, attractions, and recreational features, :9 (PDF p.67),32 (PDF p.89),109 (PDF p.193). [69] On February 11, 1934, Moses announced a plan for the new golf course. [285] It was opened in 1986[116] and comprises two overlapping lasso-shaped paths, one slightly longer than the other. [4], A long and narrow 41-acre (17ha) woodland called Huntington Woods, located on the southern border of this park, is named after the tract's last owners. [189], Thomas Pell Wildlife Sanctuary and the Hunter Island Marine Zoology and Geology Sanctuary consist of a total of 489 acres (1.98km2) of marshes and forests within Pelham Bay Park. [83], The northern section of Pelham Bay Park is the home of the Bronx Equestrian Center on Shore Road, where visitors can ride horses and ponies through the parks' trails or obtain riding lessons. [34][35] However, in 1877, the city declined to act upon his plan. [151] In 1879, the Tallapoosa Club political group started leasing part of the peninsula from the city during the summer, hosting activities there. [168] The rock is only known as such today because Abbatt includes a labeled photograph of it in his book. [16]:237 In 1904, the New York State Legislature approved the placement of a bronze tablet on Split Rock in honor of Anne Hutchinson. In 1899, the New York Athletic Club approached Lawrence Van Etten, an architect renowned for designing golf courses, for a request to construct an 18-hole course within the park. [221] In 1930, the American Legion revealed plans to relocate the grove to Pelham Bay Prk, where there would be a new monument to honor Bronx servicemen. [135][136], In the eastern section of Pelham Bay Park is Orchard Beach and its parking lot. [236][132] The Bronx Equestrian Center also provides wagon rides and hosts wedding events.

[64]:26 Twin Island was restored in 1995 as part of the Twin Islands Salt Marsh Restoration Project, which cost $850,000. [204], South of Orchard Beach is a 25-acre (10ha) meadow that hosts the only known population of the moth species Amphipoea erepta ryensis. [65]:23 The course opened in 1901,[66]:69 but did not gain popularity until 1903 when overcrowding at the Van Cortlandt course drove players to use the less crowded Pelham Bay course instead. [20][21] The current park consists of the southernmost portion of Pell's estate, excluding Hart Island and City Island. [176] The tablet was installed in 1911 by the Colonial Dames of New York. [105] However, a report published in 1983 claimed that the Tallapoosa landfill, as well as five others throughout the city, was heavily contaminated with "toxic wastes" dumped from 1964 to 1979. [47] The 1,700 acres of land for the park were part of the town's 3,000-acre (1,200ha) area at that time, but could not be taxed, nearly halving the town's tax revenues from land area. [92][161] The lagoon between Orchard Beach and the Westchester border had been popular for regattas, or boat races, for decades, but it was neglected through the 1940s and 1950s. [82] A former island, it was part of the Pelham Islands, the historical name for a group of islands in western Long Island Sound that once belonged to Thomas Pell. [162], Turtle Cove is a small cove along the north side of City Island Road west of Orchard Beach Road. The United States District Court for the District of Columbia ruled in favor of Amtrak in 2013. [177][178] However, it was stolen in 1914. Hunter Island, Twin Island, and Two-Trees Island, all formerly true islands in Pelham Bay, are now connected to the mainland by fill, and are part of the park. [105], In 1983, the Theodore Kazimiroff Environmental Center was proposed for the park, alongside a nature trail that would wind through the park's terrain.

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