/Resources 63 0 R "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_16.jpg", endobj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0] , Dimensions Distributed Cloud Computingservices are on the verge of helping companies to be more responsive to market conditions while restraining IT costs. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_22.jpg", "@context": "http://schema.org", AMAZON SIMPLEDB SERVICE SimpleDB provides a simplified data model based on the relational database data model. "name": "STEPS FOR MAPREDUCE ACTUAL DATA AND CONTROL FLOW 1.Data partitioning 2.Computation partitioning 3.Determining the master and workers 4.Reading the input 5.Map function 6.Combiner function 7.Partitioning function 8.Synchronization 9.Communication 10.Sorting and Grouping 11.Reduce function 14", , Language 5. \uf0b7 A cell in the table is recognized as the value for a specific attribute (column name) of the corresponding row. "width": "800" A cloud infrastructure hosted by service providers and made available to the public. }, 53 "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_12.jpg", "name": "Mapping Applications ClassDescriptionMachine Architecture SynchronousSimilar to instruction level operation as SIMD architecture SIMD Loosely Synchronous Independent compute operations for each CPU MIMD or MPP AsynchronousSupports Combinatorial computingShared memory Pleasingly parallelEach component is independentGrid computing to cloud computing MetaproblemsCoarse grained combinations of categories Grids of clusters MapReduce++ (Twister) Pleasing parallel map Map followed by reductions Iterative map Master-worker or mapreduce Mapreduce Twister 18", "description": "Cloud controller maintains the global state of the system Ensures authorization via Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Interacts with the S3 service Manages nodes Network Controller manages address and virtual LAN (VLAN) allocations Routing Node governs the NAT (network address translation) conversion Addressing Node runs Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) services Tunneling Node provides VPN connectivity The network state consists of the following: o VLAN assignment to a project o Private subnet assignment to a security group in a VLAN o Private IP assignments to running instances o Public IP allocations to a project o Public IP associations to a private IP\/running instance 52", Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in, Distributed Programming Paradigms With Cryptography Applications (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). "name": "Example for solving MapReduce Problems Problem 1: Counting the number of occurrences of each word in a collection of documents Solution: unique key : each word, intermediate value : number of occurrences Problem 2: Counting the number of occurrences of words having the same size, or the same number of letters, in a collection of documents Solution: unique key : each word, intermediate value : size of the word Problem 3: Counting the number of occurrences of anagrams in a collection of documents. ", ", "@type": "ImageObject", endobj "description": "\uf0b7 This software framework abstracts the data flow of running a parallel program on a distributed computing system \uf0b7 It provides two interfaces in the form of two functions: Map and Reduce. "name": "Amazon S3 Execution Environment 31", { "name": "Motivation for Programming Paradigms \uf0b7 Handling the whole data flow of parallel and distributed programming is very time-consuming \uf0b7 Aim to provide an abstraction layer to hide implementation details of the data flow which users formerly ought to write codes for. , ISBN-13 The user-defined Map function processes each input (key, value) pair It produces a number of (zero, one, or more) intermediate (key, value) pairs. \uf0b7 Running a parallel program on a distributed system decreases application response time and increases throughput and resource utilization. 9 }, 16 "width": "800" "@context": "http://schema.org", { { ", >> /Contents 44 0 R \uf0b7 The distinct difference is that the application can even see the physical location of file blocks. Synchronization - synchronization and coordination among workers is necessary to avoid race conditions and data dependency Communication - communication is always triggered when the intermediate data is sent to workers. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_41.jpg", \uf0b7 The primary forwards the write request to all secondary replicas. The term distributed systems and cloud computing systems slightly refer to different things, however the underlying concept between them is same. 24 0 obj "width": "800" /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0] /CropBox [0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0] It sets the stage for a new approach to IT that enables individuals and businesses to choose how they'll acquire or deliver IT services, with reduced emphasis on the constraints of traditional software and hardware licensing models. S3 provides the object-oriented storage service for users. Eucalyptus provides services, such as the AWS- compliant Walrus, and a user interface for managing users and images. "@type": "ImageObject", "@type": "ImageObject", /Parent 2 0 R { "name": "MAPREDUCE LOGICAL DATA FLOW The input data to the Map function is in the form of a (key, value) pair. "description": "EUCALYPTUS ARCHITECTURE 45", 11 0 obj The goal of Distributed Computing is to provide collaborative resource sharing by connecting users and resources. }, 13 "@type": "ImageObject", /CropBox [0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0] "@type": "ImageObject", Control flow implementation of MapReduce functionalities in Map and Reduce workers 17 In Distributed Computing, a task is distributed amongst different computers for computational functions to be performed at the same time using Remote Method Invocations or Remote Procedure Calls whereas in Cloud Computing systems an on-demand network model is used to provide access to shared pool of configurable computing resources. "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "ImageObject", w$>! ", { ", "description": "\uf0b7 High availability of objects with cheaper reduced redundancy storage (RRS). !0ZE)1b+l,Ta$Rt@rD@UN1$l0@e "@context": "http://schema.org", endobj Google File System (GFS) GFS was built primarily as the fundamental storage service for Googles search engine. << In this kind of cloud, customers have no control or visibility about the infrastructure. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_54.jpg", : }, 57 Nova is implemented in Python 50 "@type": "ImageObject", "width": "800" Users can override these two functions to interact with and manipulate the data flow of running their programs. ", They do not need to build infrastructure of their own. { "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_62.jpg", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_34.jpg", I have taken Big Data and Hadoop,NoSQL, Spark, Hadoop Read More, Data Analytics Example Codes for Data Cleaning, Data Munging, and Data Visualization, Cloud Network Systems(Specialized form of Distributed Computing Systems), Google Bots, Google Web Server, Indexing Server. { "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_23.jpg", /Resources 53 0 R }, 33 "@type": "ImageObject", PROGRAMMING THE GOOGLE APP ENGINE A client environment that includes an Eclipse plug-in for Java allows to debug GAE on the local machine. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_15.jpg", "@type": "ImageObject", According to Tech Target Cloud computing enables companies to consume competing resources as a utility just like electricity rather than having to build and maintain computing infrastructures in-house.. Picasa and Flickr host millions of digital photographs allowing their users to create photo albums online by uploading pictures to their services servers. endobj : Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2022, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Visit Amazon's Jonathan S. Greenfield Page, Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. { "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_28.jpg", When users submit a search query they believe that Google web server is single system where they need to log in to Google.com and search for the required term. SimpleDB removes the requirement to maintain database schemas with strong consistency. { "@type": "ImageObject", Finding unique keys is the starting point to solve a typical MapReduce problem. Downloadable solution code | Explanatory videos | Tech Support. \uf0b7 Parallel computing is the simultaneous use of more than one computational engine to run a job or an application. { "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_8.jpg", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_9.jpg", /Type /Page The architecture for Nova is built on the concepts of shared- nothing and messaging-based information exchange. }, 21 /Contents 60 0 R "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_20.jpg", 27 0 obj << "@type": "ImageObject", 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R Developers can use this, or any other language using a JVMbased interpreter or compiler, such as JavaScript or Ruby. }, 17 Build an Awesome Job Winning Project Portfolio with Solved End-to-End Big Data Projects. { { Access to a curated library of 250+ end-to-end industry projects with solution code, videos and tech support. Cloud Computing is classified into 4 different types of cloud . "name": "Data Mutation Sequence 42 \uf0b7 The client asks the master which chunk server holds the current lease for the chunk \uf0b7 The master replies with the identity of the primary and the locations of the secondary replicas. << "width": "800" /Resources 65 0 R \uf0b7 OpenNebula implements the Libvirt API, an open interface for VM management, as well as a command-line interface (CLI). 12 Proxy server - enable lookups to the accounts, containers, or objects in OpenStack storage rings and route the requests. : /Rotate 0 6 ", 23 "width": "800" /Rotate 0 "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_21.jpg", \uf0b7 With a single master, many complicated distributed algorithms can be avoided and the design of the system can be simplified. However, the cardinality, topology and the overall structure of the system is not known beforehand and everything is dynamic. >> endobj Top 100 Hadoop Interview Questions and Answers, Difference between Hive and Pig - The Two Key components of Hadoop Ecosystem, Make a career change from Mainframe to Hadoop - Learn Why. "@type": "ImageObject", "name": "PARALLEL COMPUTING AND PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS \uf0b7 Partitioning \uf0b7 Computation partitioning - Job into smaller tasks \uf0b7 Data partitioning - Input into smaller pieces \uf0b7 Mapping - assigns the either smaller parts of a program or the smaller pieces of data to underlying resources. tdq%[adym-$"n. "description": "\uf0b7 A distributed computing system is a set of computational engines connected by a network to achieve a common goal of running a job or an application. Cloud computing globalizes your workforce at an economical cost as people across the globe can access your cloud if they just have internet connectivity. hVmo6+,z3P\,EuMMw.=m50(R+.2Zd$ecS,O2``YRx-%uq1Vp]bW"cb1V:.Pq\q^OU6$1ndZ6MStSEZ7/M>e./uqVv_Jm+?byov)B|_Wfu_|iVfmFWy[6[-)]?Ir8}^[@orM}>aVrsFyeE<0fcFYS"Jl}##n0g8q.)ckxp]p/o~>\krs&t\Rmxh Anagrams are words with the same set of letters but in a different order (e.g., the words listen and silent). "@context": "http://schema.org", \uf0b7 Each domain can be considered a table. "description": "\uf0b7 Proxy server - enable lookups to the accounts, containers, or objects in OpenStack storage rings and route the requests. 2)Distributed Computing Systems have more computational power than centralized (mainframe) computing systems. "name": "AMAZON SIMPLE STORAGE SERVICE \uf0b7 Amazon S3 provides a simple web services interface that can be used to store and retrieve any amount of data, at any time, from anywhere on the web. 20 0 obj /Rotate 0 "width": "800" MANJRASOFT ANEKA CLOUD Aneka is a cloud application platform developed by Manjrasoft, based in Melbourne, Australia. \uf0b7 Each secondary replica applies mutations in the same serial number order assigned by the primary. /Parent 2 0 R "@context": "http://schema.org", Data Flow of the Word-Count Problem 11 /Contents 37 0 R Authentication mechanisms to ensure that data is kept secure from unauthorized access. >> Data flow implementation of many functions in Map and in Reduce workers 16 /Parent 2 0 R ", "name": "MANJRASOFT ANEKA CLOUD \uf0b7 Aneka is a cloud application platform developed by Manjrasoft, based in Melbourne, Australia. 1100 0 obj <>stream ", "width": "800" "@context": "http://schema.org", GFS was designed for Google applications, and Google applications were built for GFS. "description": "The user-defined Map function processes each input (key, value) pair It produces a number of (zero, one, or more) intermediate (key, value) pairs. Data queue is used to store the file blocks which will be written into DataNode 37 { STEPS FOR MAPREDUCE ACTUAL DATA AND CONTROL FLOW 1.Data partitioning 2.Computation partitioning 3.Determining the master and workers 4.Reading the input 5.Map function 6.Combiner function 7.Partitioning function 8.Synchronization 9.Communication 10.Sorting and Grouping 11.Reduce function 14 "name": "PROGRAMMING THE GOOGLE APP ENGINE \uf0b7 A client environment that includes an Eclipse plug-in for Java allows to debug GAE on the local machine. Meta data can be stored in SimpleDB and so it called as Little Table 33 "@context": "http://schema.org", /Resources 51 0 R \uf0b7 There is no data transfer charge for data transferred between Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3 30. "@type": "ImageObject", { "@context": "http://schema.org", Ring - represents a mapping between the names of entities stored on disk and their physical locations. We think you have liked this presentation. Scheduling - A scheduler selects a sequence of tasks or data pieces to be assigned to the workers. EBS is analogous to a distributed file system Snapshots are provided so that the data can be saved incrementally. "name": "HDFS Operation \uf0b7 Reading a file \u2013User sends open request ot NameNode \u2013NameNode returs the address of DataNodes in each file block \u2013User calls the read function which connects the closest DataNode. It is designed to support rapid development and deployment of parallel and distributed applications on private or public clouds. Organizations supplement their local infrastructure with computing capacity from a public cloud to meet peak demands, or implement HA strategies. The NameNode (master) also manages the file system's metadata and namespace. /Parent 2 0 R 4 "name": "EMERGING CLOUD SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENTS 43", }, 40 }, 35 Published byvijayalakshmi janakiraman "description": "Logical Data Flow of MapReduce 10", Distributed Programming P has been added to your Cart. }, 19 OpenStack Compute OpenStack is developing a cloud computing fabric controller, a component of an IaaS system, known as Nova. /Producer The Reduce function processes each (key, [set of values]) group and produces a set of (key, value) pairs as output. /Parent 2 0 R The architecture of OpenNebula has been designed to be flexible and modular to allow integration with different storage and network infrastructure configurations, and hypervisor technologies. \uf0b7 Per-object URLs and access control lists (ACL). endobj /Annots [28 0 R 29 0 R] "width": "800" On the other hand, different users of a computer possibly might have different requirements and the distributed systems will tackle the coordination of the shared resources by helping them communicate with other nodes to achieve their individual tasks. { "name": "Map Only 19", >> /Type /Page "@type": "ImageObject", "@type": "ImageObject", OpenStack focuses on the development of two aspects of cloud computing to address compute and storage aspects OpenStack Compute is the internal fabric of the cloud creating and managing large groups of virtual private servers OpenStack Object Storage is software for creating redundant, scalable object storage using clusters of commodity servers to store large amount of data. }, 20 /Resources 69 0 R Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! endobj "width": "800" 60. How much Java is required to learn Hadoop? To make this website work, we log user data and share it with processors. 25 0 obj "@type": "ImageObject", /Type /Page MAPREDUCE LOGICAL DATA FLOW The input data to the Map function is in the form of a (key, value) pair. }, 2 OpenStack Nova System Architecture AMQP Advanced Message Queuing Protocol LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ATA Advanced Technology Attachment 51 ", The items are the rows in the table. { /Creator "@type": "ImageObject", /Rotate 0 3. "@type": "ImageObject", Programming Environment of GoogleApp Engine 24 "description": "\uf0b7 Parallel and distributed programming models are used to (1) to improve productivity of programmers (2) to decrease programs time to market (3) to leverage underlying resources more efficiently (4) to increase system throughput (5) to support higher levels of abstraction \uf0b7 MapReduce, Hadoop, and Dryad are the most recently proposed parallel and distributed programming models. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0] There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. { Initialize Spec object MapReduce (Spec, & Results) } 8 "@type": "ImageObject", "description": "6", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_46.jpg", \uf0b7 Developers can use this, or any other language using a JVMbased interpreter or compiler, such as JavaScript or Ruby. >> This is similar to a table in a relational database. "name": "OPENSTACK \uf0b7 OpenStack is building an open source community to share resources and technologies with the goal of creating a massively scalable and secure cloud infrastructure. "@context": "http://schema.org", /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0] { "@context": "http://schema.org", %PDF-1.4 Types of capabilities offered by Aneka Build - allows users to build different runtime environments Accelerate - Aneka supports rapid development and deployment of applications in multiple runtime environments and it is possible to achieve maximum utilization in local environments. Private cloud resources along with Leased Public cloud resources 58 "width": "800" endobj One of the main aspects of HDFS is its fault tolerance characteristic. "@context": "http://schema.org", }, 52 endobj Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. { /OpenAction [3 0 R /Fit] "name": "AMAZON SIMPLEDB SERVICE \uf0b7 SimpleDB provides a simplified data model based on the relational database data model. "width": "800" If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system. The below image illustrates the architecture model ofdistributed computingwhere the primary node has unidirectional control over one or more secondary nodes. "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "ImageObject", URL Fetch operation provides the ability for applications to fetch resources and communicate with other hosts over the Internet using HTTP and HTTPS requests. STRATEGY TO SOLVE MAPREDUCE PROBLEMS After grouping all the intermediate data, the values of all occurrences of the same key are sorted and grouped together. }, 23 "width": "800" ", \uf0b7 It provides a rich set of APIs for transparently for distributed resources and expressing the business logic of applications \uf0b7 System administrators can leverage a collection of tools to monitor and control the deployed infrastructure. 10 0 obj 13 0 obj >> "width": "800" "description": "\uf0b7 Synchronization - synchronization and coordination among workers is necessary to avoid race conditions and data dependency \uf0b7 Communication - communication is always triggered when the intermediate data is sent to workers. The task is distributed by the primary node to the configured secondarynodes and the results are returned to the primary node. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0] }, 3 "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_42.jpg", 60 \uf0b7 A computer cluster or network of workstations is an example of a distributed computing system. OPENNEBULA OpenNebula is an open source toolkit which allows users to transform existing infrastructure into an IaaS cloud. "width": "800" CS525: Special Topics in DBs Large-Scale Data Management Hadoop/MapReduce Computing Paradigm Spring 2013 WPI, Mohamed Eltabakh 1. \uf0b7 Users can override these two functions to interact with and manipulate the data flow of running their programs. Lecture 2 MapReduce CPE 458 Parallel Programming, Spring 2009 Except as otherwise noted, the content of this presentation is licensed under the Creative. Facebook has close to 757 million active users daily with 2 million photos viewed every second, more than 3 billion photos uploaded every month, and more than one million websites use Facebook Connect with 50 million operations every second. ", Account Server Keeps tracks of all servers Updaters Keep on updating all servers Auditors - audits the data and mapping done between entities 53 >> { Please try again. /Type /Page /CropBox [0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0] }, 6 endobj /Resources 55 0 R "name": "Logical Data Flow of MapReduce 10", AMAZON SIMPLE STORAGE SERVICE Amazon S3 provides a simple web services interface that can be used to store and retrieve any amount of data, at any time, from anywhere on the web. ", 18 0 obj /Resources 49 0 R Users can use EBS to save persistent data and mount to the running instances of EC2. 2022 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved. { >> "@context": "http://schema.org", "name": "OpenNebula architecture NFS \u2013 Need for Speed SCP \u2013 Secure Copy 48", Thus, the downtime has to be very much close to zero. /Type /Page "@context": "http://schema.org", "description": "Mapping Applications ClassDescriptionMachine Architecture SynchronousSimilar to instruction level operation as SIMD architecture SIMD Loosely Synchronous Independent compute operations for each CPU MIMD or MPP AsynchronousSupports Combinatorial computingShared memory Pleasingly parallelEach component is independentGrid computing to cloud computing MetaproblemsCoarse grained combinations of categories Grids of clusters MapReduce++ (Twister) Pleasing parallel map Map followed by reductions Iterative map Master-worker or mapreduce Mapreduce Twister 18", "@type": "ImageObject", "@context": "http://schema.org", "description": "PROGRAMMING ON AMAZON AWS \uf0b7 Amazon offers a Relational Database Service (RDS) with a messaging interface \uf0b7 Amazon has NOSQL support in SimpleDB \uf0b7 It offers the Simple Queue Service (SQS) and Simple Notification Service (SNS), which are the cloud implementations of services \uf0b7 Auto-scaling and elastic load balancing services are provided in Amazon \uf0b7 Auto-scaling enables to automatically scale Amazon EC2 capacity up or down according to the given conditions \uf0b7 Elastic load balancing automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple Amazon EC2 instances \uf0b7 CloudWatch is a web service that provides monitoring for AWS cloud resources used for both auto scaling and elastic load balancing 25", /Resources 26 0 R "@type": "ImageObject", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_1.jpg", Parallel and distributed programming models are used to (1) to improve productivity of programmers (2) to decrease programs time to market (3) to leverage underlying resources more efficiently (4) to increase system throughput (5) to support higher levels of abstraction MapReduce, Hadoop, and Dryad are the most recently proposed parallel and distributed programming models. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0] /Parent 2 0 R "width": "800" OpenNebula implements the Libvirt API, an open interface for VM management, as well as a command-line interface (CLI). "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_6.jpg", << "width": "800" /Group 43 0 R "description": "\uf0b7 The Hadoop implementation of MapReduce uses the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) as its underlying layer rather than GFS. "@type": "ImageObject", << Structure of the user program Map Function (. ) /Parent 2 0 R "@type": "ImageObject", A combination or 2 or more different types of the above mentioned clouds (Private, Public and Community) forms the Hybrid cloud infrastructure where each cloud remains as a single entity but all the clouds are combined to provide the advantage of multiple deployment models. "@context": "http://schema.org", \uf0b7 A GAE application is configured to consume resources up to certain limits or quotas. { }, 10 In a world of intense competition, users will merely drop you, if the application freezes or slows down. { "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_7.jpg", Ryan Park, Operations Engineer at Pinterest said "The cloud has enabled us to be more efficient, to try out new experiments at a very low cost, and enabled us to grow the site very dramatically while maintaining a very small team.". ", Loosely Synchronous 22 "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_4.jpg", \uf0b7 Servers are composed of inexpensive commodity components, \uf0b7 GFS typically will hold a large number of huge files, each 100 MB or large \uf0b7 Single master coordinates access as well as keeps the metadata \uf0b7 There is no data cache in GFS as large streaming reads and writes represent neither time nor space locality. << Thank you! \uf0b7 The items are the rows in the table. 57. Presented by: Sanketh Beerabbi University of Central Florida COP Cloud Computing. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_27.jpg", /Parent 2 0 R "name": "\u2026CONTD \uf0b7 Scheduler governs the functionality provided by the core. /Count 21 "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/104/17624330/slides/slide_43.jpg",

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