mushroom species list with pictures
They have a thick, tall stem and an undersized cap. As climate change continues to develop, we will likely see an abundance of fungal activity.
Many poisonous mushrooms are known to exist. Despite all these drawbacks, it is a popular ingredient in soups and Asian recipes that combine multiple mushroom species. One of the most commonly used mushrooms around the world, the white Button mushroom has a mild taste that easily adapts to the flavors of any spicy or savory dish. It bears spores, which are essentially the fruit and seeds of the mushroom. The rest of the article digs into the classification system used for mushrooms, standard uses in the medical field, and facts about the worlds fungi. Fungi such as mushrooms are separated from the Plant kingdom because of how they reproduce and function. Cauliflower Mushroom (Sparassis crispa), 19.
3| The rarest mushroom in the world is the Yartsa Gunbu mushroom. As it matures, it flattens out. This will be followed by a coma and sometimes death in extreme cases. You can tell the difference by opening up the mushroom. The mushrooms tend to be white or brown. These have been highly suggestive thus far and are still being studied before further implementation. These large, brown mushrooms have an umami flavor and, when cooked, develop a pleasing, velvety texture. Up until 1944, these mushrooms were thought to be an E2 mushrooms. The chunky Yellow Knight mushroom has a wide, flat top and thick stock. You may also like: Discover the 25+ Different Tropical Rainforest Plants and Learn to Categorize Them: Complete with Images and Facts. This trait makes them easier to identify and gives them their common name. Amatoxins are the most dangerous, likely killing you if you consume them.
However, they have only more recently become a commonality in Western kitchens. It is a common sight at Mexican markets surrounding Izta-Popo Zoquiapan National Park, where it is frequently harvested. However, A. bisporigera is the one most commonly called the Destroying Angel. They have no toxic look-alikes. These mushrooms are a delicacy. Scaly Vase Chanterelle (Turbinellus floccosus), 8. The latter are psychedelic mushrooms and rarely harmful long-term. Amanda is a writer, avid climber, and outdoor enthusiast. It is not uncommon for people to have an allergic reaction to these mushrooms when they are eaten raw. Also like its more popular cousin, it can be enjoyed sauteed, cooked in sauces, or as a raw addition to salads.
Enoki Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes), 5. For example, some of these arent necessarily edible or poisonous. The Shimeji mushroom family comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. You May Also Like: Your Guide to the 21 Edible Plants on the Appalachian Trail that You Should Know! These mushrooms need to be cooked before eating. You can often find them in late summer through early autumn. Mushrooms in this category almost all have common names that give you a clue to their poisonous tendencies. It is particularly helpful when a fungus starts to produce spores. However, they are entirely separate from plants going all the way to the top of the classification system. They are common in North American and European coniferous woodlands.
Finally, they dry into a deep orange-brown color. You might also know Porcini mushrooms by the Bay Bolete or Penny Bun mushroom. Some caution should be used if you are new to this fungus as allergic reactions are not uncommon.
I t is typical to completely lose your memory of the experience with the mushroom after sleeping it off. She has traveled extensively, around the U.S., throughout Asia, Europe, and Latin America.
You know a mushroom when you see it (usuallyIm looking at you cauliflower mushroom!).
It is called the Caterpillar fungus because it has to grow on insects. Its gills look more like quills. This misuse caused a stigma to develop against the mushrooms. A distant relative of the more commonly known porcini, the Bay Bolete mushroom has a mild flavor. As we dig deeper into mushroom species, we will start with the characteristics of edible mushrooms and continue into poisonous species. In other countries along a similar line of latitude, you have to wild-harvest them. The Elfin Saddle mushroom was thought to be edible after cooking for many years. However, if you prepare them just the right way, they have a rich, nutty flavor. It is the rarest since it has to grow from a caterpillar. 
Interestingly, the kind of toxin in this mushroom makes it fatally toxic when eaten raw but a delicacy after cooking. Once cooked, they have a tender, meaty texture. These mushrooms have a honey-like color and often grow in clumps. Shiitakes are well-known mushrooms that have long been cultivated and used in China and other East Asian countries, but have more recently become somewhat of a staple in Western kitchens. Compare that to the United States, which only grew 0.38 million tons in the same time frame. The mushrooms exterior looks like a pigs skin, and the shape of the mushroom resembles a puffball mushroom. It has an odd, rubbery taste and texture with a notably bland flavor. A rarity among mushrooms, these fungi are known to feed on certain types of worms and even bacteria. Even some on the list below can be dangerous if not prepared properly. Camper, hiker, paddler, cyclist, explorer, storyteller. 1| The largest organism in the world is the fungus Armillaria ostoyae. They have a bright orange color that often starts the brightest close to the tree. Specific industries also utilize oyster mushrooms in mycoremediation of polluted areas. It is a perfectly edible mushroom outside of situations in which you would consume alcohol. It is still unclear exactly what makes it toxic, and not everybody suffers from poisoning when they eat it. In fact, they are only considered edible after being chopped into small strips and boiled TWICE in a full pot of water. They grow in tight bunches around each other and end with small caps. They look pretty similar to Deadly Galerina or Autumn Skullcup. More immature specimens have a milder odor and taste that lends itself well to a variety of recipes. These squat mushrooms are poisonous but not one of the more common ones that cause poisoning because of their appearance.
There is a ranking system used to classify the edibility of mushrooms since its not always straightforward. They are packed with nutrients and unique phytochemicals that are not readily available in vegetables, fruits, or meat. It is a thick, meaty mushroom, but considered by most to be inferior to other types of boletes often found growing in the same areas.
Most of the time, mushrooms are poisonous because they develop toxic compounds as they grow. Crab Brittlegill (Russula xerampelina), 22. However, there is some recent controversy about the true edibility of these fungi. Mushrooms grow from underground stands of mycelium that eventually bear fruit. Reishi mushrooms grow out from the trunk of a tree, generally within two to three feet of the ground. Many mushrooms are regarded as medicinal due to their unique makeup of phytochemicalscompounds that plants and fungi make in order to fight disease and pests. The mushrooms themselves are just an average to small size. The Giant Puffball mushroom has historically been used to dress wounds and is the main source of the mucoprotein, calvacin, which is used as an antitumor treatment. However, they are actually another prized mushroom species that is quite rare. You have to practice some care when harvesting Enoki mushrooms in the wild. Mushrooms like the crimini also provide you with an excellent source of zinc, an essential nutrient for your immune system.
It is a slight distinction, but an important one, because false morels can be quite toxic. Mushrooms that grow in a certain amount of sunshine generate Vitamin D. Therefore, they can be a good supplement for Vitamin D, particularly in the darker times of the year. Shimeji or White Beech Mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus), 11.
It does have a trumpet-like shape similar to a standard chanterelle. These have quite a few look-alikes in the mushroom world. They are also packed with beneficial fatty acids and protein.
The mushroom has a standard shape with a broad, slightly rounded cap and a thick stem. Charcoal Burner Mushroom (Russula cyanoxantha), 21. These mushrooms have bright orange caps and long, creamy gills. Yet, it has a very mild appearance. This mushroom is one of the most frequently ingested poisonous mushrooms. However they are prepared, they must be cooked to neutralize the naturally occurring toxins. They were first cultivated during World War I as a ration food but are now considered a prized ingredient in many dishes and sauces. These include only the E1 and E2 mushrooms. It is now found in North America thanks to the cultivation of European tree species. The Destroying Angel mushroom is bright white from cap to stem.
The mushrooms have an umami flavor and a velvety texture once cooked. Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes), 13. Because theyre difficult to cultivate, the majority of morels used in restaurants have to be wild-harvesteda task that can net the hunter a pretty penny. The Red-capped Scaber Stalk mushroom is commonly consumed in Eastern Europe and has been for centuries. 
It has long been utilized in Chinese medicine where it is believed to help with memory, open up energy channels, and even allow for immortal life. 36 Different Types of Pasta (with Pictures), The Ultimate Guide to Roasting Vegetables in the Oven, 35 Different Types of Squash (with Pictures). The allergic reactions most often occur if you eat the mushroom raw. Morels have a well-regarded flavor and texture. Both of the latter two are edible. The Black Trumpet mushroom goes by Black Chanterelle and the Horn of Plenty. Mushrooms with the compound coprine are not toxic themselves. For example, certain mushrooms arent considered edible or toxic. All members of this phylum are called Basidiomycetes. For example, you will often need to cook the mushrooms on the stove or in a baked dish before the toxins in it break down to a point where they are no longer harmful. They are often cooked in fat such as butter to bring out their rich flavor. Discover the 47 Types of Pine Trees Around the Globe and Where to Find with Images, Infographic, Fun Facts & More! It starts rounded in stereotypical mushroom fashion. It will often cause liver failure if the poisoning isnt treated. However, more recently, they have been found to cause possibly fatal autoimmune hemolysis. Another well-known porcini, the King Bolete (a.k.a. Eventually, it causes acute kidney failure, respiratory failure, and physical shock. The Yellow Stainer mushroom is not one of the more harmful ones. Finally, ibotenic acid is a psychoactive compound. This mushroom looks like a charcoal burner, hence its common name. Also call enokitake, this common mushroom in Asian cuisine is both cultivated and wild-harvested. And not all fungi that do produce mushrooms are closely related.
Black Trumpet Mushrooms (Craterellus cornucopioides), 18.
These mushrooms are a common lawn mushroom, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. They have a cucumber scent with a lemony flavor in an immature form. The entire mushroom needs to be white. It is not edible when raw and takes a relatively long time to cook through. You should always clear away the soil to get a good look at the base since a basal ring or cup can indicate a change in species. All About The Fish That Will Shock You. As a food, these mushrooms must be used only in the immature state when the flesh is white. That is why they are often discarded. The area with the least amount of edible mushrooms reported was Oceania. Editor-in-Chief at Outforia, Inspired by wild adventures. 
More mature specimens have a slightly bitter taste, but this disappears with adequate heat. Since many mushrooms are eaten in one place and not another, there might be quite a few missing or added to the lists of particular regions. Regardless, it is also logical that certain areas, such as Oceania, wouldnt have the climate to support many fungi species. The Matsutake mushroom has become even more valuable in recent years. From the photographer of the image above, Charles Dawley: Easy to tell the difference between true morel and false. They are much less likely to kill you or send you to the hospital. In their raw form, they are somewhat poisonous and, in any form, can cause problems when combined with alcohol. The long scales that grow down the stem make it seem scaly. These are poisonous in their raw form. They are tough to grow in cultivation, so they must be wild-harvested. They are bright white and round like balls. Like the white variety, they are widely used in savory and spicy dishes. Their texture is slightly crunchier than most mushrooms, even after being sauteed. Another thing that makes edible mushrooms unique? Gypsy mushrooms dont have a great taste when eaten raw. However, when prepared carefully, the nutty, rich flavor of these mushrooms is well worth the risk.
Others think it tastes more like lobster. However, it can also get mistaken for the Fairy Ring Champignon, an edible mushroom. However, their mild flavor goes well with an assortment of other mushrooms to bulk out a dish. They can get large, growing up to 44 pounds (20 kg).
The mushroom is quite versatile since its cap is soft and has a crumbly texture once its cooked. It has also been shown to have immune system stimulating benefits, cholesterol-lowering effects, and can even be helpful in fighting intestinal parasites. Morel mushrooms have a rich flavor that goes well with a wide range of dishes and are often served alongside meats or inside ravioli. Although the mushroom is edible, you can only eat it when it is in an immature state. More studies of secondary effects of psilocybin are increased feelings of well-being, a high capacity to express emotions, and function in social situations. They are also unique as one of the few parasitic mushrooms.
The seafood odor does persist after cooking which can be a plus for the right dish. This process is why mushrooms are called saprophytes, or a fungus that lives on dead and decaying organic matter. The stem is usually creamy-white, and the mushroom cap is brown.
Others must be purchased at specialty markets. Shiitake mushrooms have long been cultivated in China and the rest of East Asia.
This texture and taste make the portabella an excellent choice for replacing meat in vegan meals. As the name suggests, the large Parasol mushroom closely resemble a wide parasol when fully matured. Be careful when foraging these mushrooms since they have deadly look-alikes. The mushrooms spores turn toxic when the flesh changes from white to yellow and brown. Yet they are genuinely a mushroom and one of the more interesting ones to boot. The Death Cap is one of the most poisonous mushrooms in the world. However, they will have a bigger cap and wider stems than Enoki.
The mushroom Chicken of the Woods appears like something out of a fantasy novel. Are you craving some delicious sauteed mushrooms yet? As the mushroom matures, it might change to have a faint yellow color. Some closely related species look similar, such as Meripilus sumstinei. Their exact nutritional makeup will vary from one species to another. The genus of the oyster mushrooms translates to mean side ear because of their shape. For example, they are commercially available in countries like Finland. They most frequently grow in Eastern countries. Discover the 25+ Different Tropical Rainforest Plants and Learn to Categorize Them: Complete with Images and Facts, Honey mushroom is one of the largest and oldest of the Earths organisms. When eaten raw, it has a slightly bitter flavor, but a very mild flavor when cooked. More mature specimens contain toxic spores that turn the flesh yellow and then brown.
People knew they caused gastric distress when eaten raw but didnt feel anything negative after eating them cooked. As a result, these mushrooms are not widely cultivated other than in certain European countries. Emetic Russula (Russula fragrantissima), Nutritional Benefits of Consuming Mushrooms. Part of the reason for this is they only naturally grow in the worlds northern latitudes. The Gypsy mushroom grows in many northern latitudes and is available commercially in Finland. When they are brown, they are often sold as chestnut mushrooms. It is primarily off-white with a scattering of tan spots across the top. Interestingly, mushrooms and their parent fungus are one of the few organisms in the world that seem to be benefiting from climate change. As we saw above, many mushrooms that are edible are only edible during certain life stages or after being cooked. It is rare for death by consuming these mushrooms, but not impossible. It looks similar to button mushrooms until you see the yellow color.
