Risk The probability that something will cause injury or harm. Some of these plants and animals might be sources of food, clothing, or medicines for people. Bioaccumulative potential - describes the potential for the substance or certain components of a mixture to accumulate in animal or plant life, and possibly pass through the food chain. For example, factors used in the calculation of doses that are not harmful (adverse) to people. Decomposition temperature the temperature at which the product chemically decomposes. Aspiration hazards liquids or solid products classified in this hazard class may be fatal if they enter directly through the mouth or nose, or indirectly from vomiting, into the trachea and lower respiratory system. Point of exposure The place where someone can come into contact with a substance present in the environment [see exposure pathway]. It is often difficult to find the relationship between the chemical exposure and illness due to the delay between exposure and onset of illness; however, it is not impossible. Health consultations are focused on a specific exposure issue. One or more hazard categories might be appropriate for each site. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) an occupational health and safety information service with the mandate to promote workplace health and safety, and encourage attitudes and methods that will lead to improved worker physical and mental health. Mortality Death. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) an international association of occupational hygienists that develops guidelines for the practice of occupational hygiene, including Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs). A closed cup flash point is generally lower than a flash point measured using an open cup method. Administrative controls controls that alter the way the work is done, including timing of work, policies and other rules, and work practices such as standards and operating procedures (including training, housekeeping and equipment maintenance). It is accessible in Canada by telephone, 24 hours a day, year round at (613) 996-6666 (collect) or *666 on a cell phone. Indeterminate public health hazard The category used in ATSDRs public health assessment documents when a professional judgment about the level of health hazard cannot be made because information critical to such a decision is lacking. Hazardous waste Potentially harmful substances that have been released or discarded into the environment. Chronic can describe either the length (duration) of an exposure or a health effect. In many cases, however, the effects can be reversed after exposure has ceased. mg/cm2 Milligram per square centimeter (of a surface). Immediately after, or shortly after, exposure to a chemical symptoms and side effects appear in an individual. Public meeting A public forum with community members for communication about a site. Not all terms are listed here. For a substance, the ATE is the LC50 or the LD50, if available, or a converted acute toxicity point estimate that is based on an experimentally obtained range or the classification category. A teratogen is a substance that causes a structural or functional birth defect. For example, some toxicity testing is done on whole animals, such as rats or mice [compare with in vitro]. An environmental sample (for example, a small amount of soil or water) might be collected to measure contamination in the environment at a specific location. We expect this update to take about an hour. Contaminant A substance that is either present in an environment where it does not belong or is present at levels that might cause harmful (adverse) health effects. RCRA [see Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976, 1984)]. A complex mixture can be comprised of many individual ingredients whose concentrations may vary from batch to batch. Feasibility study A study by EPA to determine the best way to clean up environmental contamination. Flash point the lowest temperature at which the application of an ignition source causes the vapours of a liquid to ignite (catch fire). Chronic conditions persist continuously or intermittently over a long period of time. Biomedical testing Testing of persons to find out whether a change in a body function might have occurred because of exposure to a hazardous substance. Radiation exposure might be short-term or long-lasting. a vessel that has a water capacity equal to or greater than 450 l. a freight container, road vehicle, railway vehicle or portable tank, that is made according to the naming rules of either the Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society, or the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or. Health consultations are therefore more limited than a public health assessment, which reviews the exposure potential of each pathway and chemical [compare with public health assessment]. Delayed health effect A disease or an injury that happens as a result of exposures that might have occurred in the past.

Easy-to-read, question-and-answer fact sheets covering a wide range of workplace health and safety topics, from hazards to diseases to ergonomics to workplace promotion. Groundwater Water beneath the earths surface in the spaces between soil particles and between rock surfaces [compare with surface water]. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) In 1986, SARA amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and expanded the health-related responsibilities of ATSDR. These products are liable to lead to cancer or increase the incidence of cancer. CANUTEC provides information and communications assistance in case of transportation emergencies involving dangerous goods. Flammable liquids hazardous products classified in this hazard class are liquids that have a flash point of not more than 93 deg C. Flammable solids hazardous products classified in this hazard class are readily combustible solids or solids that are liable to cause or contribute to fire through friction. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. The BEI generally identifies a concentration below which nearly all workers should not experience adverse health effects. For a person or an animal, absorption is the process of a substance getting into the body through the eyes, skin, stomach, intestines, or lungs. Mutation A change (damage) to the DNA, genes, or chromosomes of living organisms.

A source of contamination is the first part of an exposure pathway. Combustible liquids will not ignite or burn as readily as flammable liquids. Public health surveillance The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data. Medical monitoring A set of medical tests and physical exams specifically designed to evaluate whether an individuals exposure could negatively affect that persons health. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Chemically unstable gas a flammable gas that is able to react explosively even in the absence of air or oxygen. These definitions are not intended to be a legal interpretation of legislatively defined terms. The definitions provided in this glossary are not always identical to the regulatory definitions provided in the HPA or HPR. In the environment, the half-life is the time it takes for half the original amount of a substance to disappear when it is changed to another chemical by bacteria, fungi, sunlight, or other chemical processes. The volume of a product in a container can be calculated from its density and weight. Health consultation A review of available information or collection of new data to respond to a specific health question or request for information about a potential environmental hazard. Keep in mind that being exposed to radiation in a short period of time Chemical name a scientific designation of a material or substance: Chemical stability the ability of a product to remain unchanged under normal ambient and anticipated storage and handling conditions of temperature and pressure. Completed exposure pathway [see exposure pathway]. Here, rodents are often used with average life expectancy of 1.5 to 3 years. Answers to Questions about Radiation and you. Flammable (or flammability) limits see Lower explosive limit (LEL) or Lower flammability limit (LFL) and Upper explosive limit (UEL) or Upper flammability limit (UFL). Superfund [see Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). Public availability session An informal, drop-by meeting at which community members can meet one-on-one with ATSDR staff members to discuss health and site-related concerns. The vapour then condenses to form fine zinc fume as soon as it contacts the cool surrounding air. If you have been exposed to chemicals in the workplace, call our Philadelphia workers compensation attorneys today. Analytic epidemiologic study A study that evaluates the association between exposure to hazardous substances and disease by testing scientific hypotheses. In the case of radioactive material, the half life is the amount of time necessary for one half the initial number of radioactive atoms to change or transform into another atom (that is normally not radioactive). Flammable gases hazardous products classified in this hazard class are gases that have a flammable range when mixed with air (at 20 deg C and 101.3 kPa). Chronic exposure Contact with a substance that occurs over a long time (more than 1 year) [compare with acute exposure and intermediate duration exposure]. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Organic compounds that evaporate readily into the air. Conditions to avoid conditions such as heat, pressure, shock, static discharge, vibrations or other physical stresses that might result in a hazardous situation involving the product. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) CERCLA, also known as Superfund, is the federal law that concerns the removal or cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment and at hazardous waste sites. Official websites use .gov An unstable product may decompose, burn or explode under normal environmental conditions. Antagonistic effect A biologic response to exposure to multiple substances that is less than would be expected if the known effects of the individual substances were added together [compare with additive effect and synergistic effect]. Acute Occurring over a short time [compare with chronic]. Risk communication The exchange of information to increase understanding of health risks. Dose is often expressed as milligram (amount) per kilogram (a measure of body weight) per day (a measure of time) when people eat or drink contaminated water, food, or soil. Acute does not always mean minor though. In animal studies, chronic effects are studied under controlled conditions over longer periods of life, and even over several generations. Confidential business information (CBI) also known as trade secrets - certain information does not have to be disclosed on a WHMIS 2015 SDS and/or label if the supplier or employer believes that providing the information could affect (hurt) their business. Exposure registry A system of ongoing followup of people who have had documented environmental exposures. This publication serves as the basis for occupational exposure limits in many jurisdictions around the world. Cluster investigations are designed to confirm case reports; determine whether they represent an unusual disease occurrence; and, if possible, explore possible causes and contributing environmental factors. A hazardous substance can enter the body this way [see route of exposure]. Plumes can be described by the volume of air or water they occupy and the direction they move. mg/m3 Milligram per cubic meter; a measure of the concentration of a chemical in a known volume (a cubic meter) of air, soil, or water. Filling these data needs would allow more accurate assessment of human risks from specific substances contaminating the environment. This is not the same as measurements of the amount of radiation in the environment. A chemical for which a sample (such as water, air, or blood) is tested in a laboratory. Acute exposure Contact with a substance that occurs once or for only a short time (up to 14 days) [compare with intermediate duration exposure and chronic exposure]. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a federal public health agency with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, and 10 regional offices in the United States. A value greater than 1 means the product has a high evaporation rate and will mix with air very quickly. Surface water Water on the surface of the earth, such as in lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, and springs [compare with groundwater]. Public health hazard A category used in ATSDRs public health assessments for sites that pose a public health hazard because of long-term exposures (greater than 1 year) to sufficiently high levels of hazardous substances or radionuclides that could result in harmful health effects. Density the weight of a product for a given volume. Combustible dusts hazardous products classified in this hazard class may form combustible dust concentrations in air. Public health statement The first chapter of an ATSDR toxicological profile. Acute side effects often are a result to a high level exposure over a short period of time, such as overexposure to potent cleaning supplies or a sudden spill. Call us today at 888-807-WORK (9675) for a free consultation. Public comment period An opportunity for the public to comment on agency findings or proposed activities contained in draft reports or documents. Only the elements of GHS that have been explicitly adopted in legislation (e.g., in the HPR) are enforceable. Fumes are smaller than dusts and are more easily breathed into the lungs. The public health statement explains how people might be exposed to a specific substance and describes the known health effects of that substance.

These products are in the form of finely divided solid particles that, upon ignition, are liable to catch fire or explode when dispersed in air. (See also Sell.). National Toxicology Program (NTP) Part of the Department of Health and Human Services. Fugitive emission a gas, liquid or solid, vapour, fume, mist, fog or dust that escapes from process equipment or from emission control equipment or form a product where workers may be readily exposed to it. No public health hazard A category used in ATSDRs public health assessment documents for sites where people have never and will never come into contact with harmful amounts of site-related substances. Reference dose (RfD) An EPA estimate, with uncertainty or safety factors built in, of the daily lifetime dose of a substance that is unlikely to cause harm in humans. Solvent A liquid capable of dissolving or dispersing another substance (for example, acetone or mineral spirits). Prevalence survey The measure of the current level of disease(s) or symptoms and exposures through a questionnaire that collects self-reported information from a defined population. Students will be asked to research and present historical events where these types of exposure have happened. Exposure Contact with a substance by swallowing, breathing, or touching the skin or eyes. A blood test for lead is an example of biologic monitoring. EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency. Occurring over a longer period of time than acute, chronic workplace chemical exposure often involves low levels of exposure over a long period of time. A hazardous substance can enter the body this way [see route of exposure]. Prevention Actions that reduce exposure or other risks, keep people from getting sick, or keep disease from getting worse. The concepts in this activity can be used to support the following science standard: Each italicized document title can be found at the bottom of this page, and is available for printing and distribution. Biological monitoring involves the measurement of the concentration of a chemical indicator (such as the substance itself or a chemical formed from the substance by the body) in body components (e.g., blood, urine) of people who have been exposed to the substance. If you have questions or comments, call ATSDRs toll-free telephone number, 1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636). Boiling point see Initial boiling point. Engineering controls controls used to remove the hazardous conditions or separate a worker from a hazard. The GHS purple book is a guidance document. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Start with a vocabulary activity if students are not familiar with radiation and the terms used in this activity, or provide students with the terms and definitions. All Toxicological profile An ATSDR document that examines, summarizes, and interprets information about a hazardous substance to determine harmful levels of exposure and associated health effects. Epidemiology The study of the distribution and determinants of disease or health status in a population; the study of the occurrence and causes of health effects in humans. Exposure may be short-term [acute exposure], of intermediate duration, or long-term [chronic exposure]. Metabolism The conversion or breakdown of a substance from one form to another by a living organism. First, Public health hazard categories Public health hazard categories are statements about whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site in the past, present, or future. Explain that we encounter a variety of radiation sources in our everyday life, and generally, this does not cause any health concerns. Detection limit The lowest concentration of a chemical that can reliably be distinguished from a zero concentration. Disease registry A system of ongoing registration of all cases of a particular disease or health condition in a defined population. Adverse health effect A change in body function or cell structure that might lead to disease or health problems. Search the scientific literature database, Database of measurements of various devices and appliances, Links to national and international EMF-related institutions, Studies on 5th generation mobile communications (5G), Public rail passenger transportation systems, Magnetic remedies (blankets, patches, bracelets, etc. ATSDR, which was created by CERCLA, is responsible for assessing health issues and supporting public health activities related to hazardous waste sites or other environmental releases of hazardous substances. Dose-response relationship The relationship between the amount of exposure [dose] to a substance and the resulting changes in body function or health (response). This information is used to describe or count the occurrence of a disease, symptom, or clinical measure and to evaluate the possible association between the occurrence and exposure to hazardous substances. However, there may be situations in which we encounter acute or chronic exposures to radiation. Migration Moving from one location to another. (See also Occupational exposure limit values.). Plume A volume of a substance that moves from its source to places farther away from the source. The public health statement is a summary written in words that are easy to understand. A readily combustible solid means a powdered, granular or pasty hazardous product that can be easily ignited by brief contact with an ignition source and, when ignited, has a flame that spread rapidly. EDT. Cancer Any one of a group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnormal and grow or multiply out of control. It is important to know which extinguishers can be used on fires caused by the hazardous products in the workplace (suitable extinguishing media) so they can be made available at the worksite. In vivo Within a living organism or body. will be unavailable during this time. This website uses cookies to provide you the best browsing experience. Chronic Occurring over a long time [compare with acute]. Substance-specific applied research A program of research designed to fill important data needs for specific hazardous substances identified in ATSDRs toxicological profiles. Biologic uptake The transfer of substances from the environment to plants, animals, and humans. A value of greater than 1 indicates that the product is more soluble in water. Aerosols non-refillable containers containing a gas compressed, liquefied, or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid paste or powder and fitted with a release device that allows the components to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state. VOCs include substances such as benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, and methyl chloroform. Acute effects occur directly after short exposure, whereas chronic effects only occur after a longer period of time under constant exposure of several days, weeks or years. To examine chronic effects on humans, prospective epidemiologic studies (so called cohort studies) are conducted in which a group of people are observed for a longer period of time to assess whether an increased health risk is caused by a specific exposure. Disease prevention Measures used to prevent a disease or reduce its severity. For a mixture, the ATE is calculated for oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity based on the ATE values for all relevant ingredients and the percentage concentration in the product. Bailment the transfer of possession without transferring ownership. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Exposure-dose reconstruction A method of estimating the amount of peoples past exposure to hazardous substances. An absorbed dose is the amount of a substance that actually got into the body through the eyes, skin, stomach, intestines, or lungs. Chemical exposure in the workplace can cause dangerous short- and long-term health impairments and effects. Registry A systematic collection of information on persons exposed to a specific substance or having specific diseases [see exposure registry and disease registry].

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