89 0 R 38 0 obj<>endobj 68 0 obj<>endobj No honest opposition, while it might pain him,would produce a lasting alienation of feeling between him and theopponent. The statesman was right in his far-seeing judgment and his conscientious statement of the truth, butthe practical politicians were also right in their prediction ofthe immediate effect. "I am after larger game," said he. 140 0 obj<>endobj 53 0 obj<>endobj 51 0 R The conversations he had and the correspondence he carriedon upon matters of public interest, not only with men in officialposition, but with private citizens, were almost unceasing, andin a large number of public letters, written ostensibly tomeetings, or committees, or persons of importance, he addressedhimself directly to the popular mind.

But many of his radicalcritics have since then revised their judgment sufficiently toadmit that Lincoln's policy was, on the whole, the wisest andsafest; that a policy of heroic methods, while it has sometimesaccomplished great results, could in a democracy like ours bemaintained only by constant success; that it would have quicklybroken down under the weight of disaster; that it might have beensuccessful from the start, had the Union, at the beginning of theconflict, had its Grants and Shermans and Sheridans, itsFarraguts and Porters, fully matured at the head of its forces;but that, as the great commanders had to be evolved slowly fromthe developments of the war, constant success could not becounted upon, and it was best to follow a policy which was infriendly contact with the popular force, and therefore more fitto stand trial of misfortune on the battlefield. 93 0 R 102 0 obj<>endobj

Lincoln memorial marriage certificate of Thos. But while all this misery was upon him his ambition rose tohigher aims. 26 0 obj<>endobj At the end of the first month ofthe administration he submitted a "memorandum" to PresidentLincoln, which has been first brought to light by Nicolay andHay, and is one of their most valuable contributions to thehistory of those days. No American can study the character and career of Abraham Lincolnwithout being carried away by sentimental emotions.

In the meantime he had private sorrows and trials of a painfullyafflicting nature. But it was better for the Presidentto have these strong and ambitious men near him as his co-operators than to have them as his critics in Congress, wheretheir differences might have been composed in a common oppositionto him. More important was the expression hegave to his antislavery impulses by offering a bill looking tothe emancipation of the slaves in the District of Columbia, andby his repeated votes for the famous Wilmot Proviso, intended toexclude slavery from the Territories acquired from Mexico. His admirers had dubbedhim "the Little Giant," contrasting in that nickname thegreatness of his mind with the smallness of his body. For this leadership Abraham Lincoln was admirablyfitted, better than any other American statesman of his day; forhe understood the plain people, with all their loves and hates,their prejudices and their noble impulses, their weaknesses andtheir strength, as he understood himself, and his sympatheticnature was apt to draw their sympathy to him. 92 0 R 45 0 R 31 0 R Memorial Address by Joseph H. Choate The Writings of Abraham Lincoln. The plain people had all the while been satisfiedwith Abraham Lincoln: they confided in him; they loved him; theyfelt themselves near to him; they saw personified in him thecause of Union and freedom; and they went to the ballot-box forhim in their strength. The laboring force of the rebellion washopelessly disorganized. In his ways of thinking and feeling he hadbecome a gentleman in the highest sense, but the refining processhad polished but little the outward form. 69 0 obj<>endobj The subject of this memoir is revered by multitudes of his countrymen as the preserver of their commonwealth. This reverence has grown with the lapse of time and the accumulation of evidence. The interrogatory was pressedupon Douglas, and Douglas did answer that, no matter what thedecision of the Supreme Court might be on the abstract question,the people of a Territory had the lawful means to introduce orexclude slavery by territorial legislation friendly or unfriendlyto the institution. Hemight have hoped to win, by sufficient atonement, his pardon fromthe South for his opposition to the Lecompton Constitution; butthat he taught the people of the Territories a trick by whichthey could defeat what the proslavery men considered aconstitutional right, and that he called that trick lawful, thisthe slave power would never forgive. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 61 0 obj<>endobj 76 0 obj<>endobj It is only fair to assume that he said what atthe time he really thought, and that if, subsequently, hisopinions changed, it was owing to new conceptions of good policyand of duty brought forth by an entirely new set of circumstancesand exigencies. The war with European nations was no longer thought of;the slavery question found in due time its proper place in thestruggle for the Union; and when, at a later period, thedismissal of Seward was demanded by dissatisfied senators, whoattributed to him the shortcomings of the administration, Lincolnstood stoutly by his faithful Secretary of State. Ebooks found on this site will help engineering students during his/her courses study of engineering. @C~9_uPj8TAKB9n_@"9?sMYY ]}XRhh1_ Eybbl4*MWY8 8/\+>DV5p F.nv"5Y R DpWoE^/ JMjJ3)Pz9p In order to succeed in the election, the Republicans hadto win, in addition to the States carried by Fremont in 1856,those that were classed as "doubtful,"--New Jersey, Pennsylvania,and Indiana, or Illinois in the place of either New Jersey orIndiana. Never had the world seen a more modestconqueror and a more characteristic triumphal procession, no armywith banners and drums, only a throng of those who had beenslaves, hastily run together, escorting the victorious chief intothe capital of the vanquished foe. Stanton, who had entered the service with rather a meanopinion of Lincoln's character and capacity, became one of hiswarmest, most devoted, and most admiring friends, and with noneof his secretaries was Lincoln's intercourse more intimate. It is hardly necessary to add that every effort has been made bythe editor to bring into these volumes whatever material maythere properly belong, material much of which is widely scatteredin public libraries and in private collections. 41 0 R Among the many who have broughtabout this appreciation, those only whose estimates have beenplaced in these volumes may be mentioned here. 67 0 R 44 0 R 128 0 obj<>endobj They wereshocked when they heard him cap an argument upon grave affairs ofstate with a story about "a man out in Sangamon County,"--astory, to be sure, strikingly clinching his point, but sadlylacking in dignity. It would no longer have been able towithstand the onset of a hostile age.

The step fromthe captaincy of a volunteer company to a candidacy for a seat inthe Legislature seemed a natural one. 25 0 R 35 0 R Not a few of them actually believed, in1863, that, if the national convention of the Union party wereheld then, Lincoln would not be supported by the delegation of asingle State. 43 0 obj<>endobj He believed that great popular movementscan succeed only when guided by their faithful friends, and thatthe antislavery cause could not safely be entrusted to thekeeping of one who "did not care whether slavery be voted up ordown." He not only instinctively felt, but he hadconvinced himself by arduous study, that in this struggle againstthe spread of slavery he had right, justice, philosophy, theenlightened opinion of mankind, history, the Constitution, andgood policy on his side. He therefore waited until the enemies ofthe Union struck the first blow. Bill of Complaint in Lindsay & Dresser v. Lamb & Lewis, [Law papers].

In theNational Democratic convention of 1852 he appeared even as anaspirant to the nomination for the Presidency, as the favorite of"young America," and received a respectable vote. Granthad his iron hand upon the ramparts of Richmond. The American people should feel profoundly grateful that thegreatest American statesman since Washington, the statesman whoin this absolutely democratic republic succeeded best, was thevery man who actually combined the two sets of qualities whichthe historian thus puts in antithesis. When amere boy he had to help in supporting the family, either on hisfather's clearing, or hired out to other farmers to plough, ordig ditches, or chop wood, or drive ox teams; occasionally alsoto "tend the baby," when the farmer's wife was otherwise engaged.He could regard it as an advancement to a higher sphere ofactivity when he obtained work in a "crossroads store," where heamused the customers by his talk over the counter; for he soondistinguished himself among the backwoods folk as one who hadsomething to say worth listening to. Yet there were many otherswho, having long and arduously fought the antislavery battle inthe popular assembly, or in the press, or in the halls ofCongress, far surpassed him in prestige, and compared with whomhe was still an obscure and untried man. Lincoln had then reached the full maturity of his powers. On the contrary, Goddid tell him there was one tree of the fruit of which he shouldnot eat, upon pain of death." But Lincoln's ways were so essentially differentfrom his that they never became quite intelligible, and certainlynot congenial to him. 12 0 R First he sketched these with charcoalon a wooden shovel scraped white with a drawing-knife, or onbasswood shingles. It wasrather the entreaty of a sorrowing father speaking to his waywardchildren. I cannot remember the time when I did not so think andfeel. 39 0 R Whether he did possessthis strength was soon tested by a singularly rude trial. 70 0 R But on the whole he wasone of the people among whom he lived; in appearance perhaps evena little more uncouth than most of them,--a very tall, rawbonedyouth, with large features, dark, shrivelled skin, and rebellioushair; his arms and legs long, out of proportion; clad in deerskintrousers, which from frequent exposure to the rain had shrunk soas to sit tightly on his limbs, leaving several inches of bluishshin exposed between their lower end and the heavy tan-coloredshoes; the nether garment held usually by only one suspender,that was strung over a coarse homemade shirt; the head covered inwinter with a coonskin cap, in summer with a rough straw hat ofuncertain shape, without a band. "After his return he worked and lived in the old way until thespring of 1830, when his father "moved again," this time toIllinois; and on the journey of fifteen days "Abe" had to drivethe ox wagon which carried the household goods. "I am naturallyantislavery," said he. Lincoln, Abraham. 21 0 obj<>endobj Even an ordinary law argument,coming from him, seldom failed to produce the impression that hewas profoundly convinced of the soundness of his position. How they could be moved he knew, for so hehad once been moved himself and practised moving others. 34 0 R 142 0 obj<>endobj It is found, even, that hisjudgment on military matters was astonishingly acute, and thatthe advice and instructions he gave to the generals commanding inthe field would not seldom have done honor to the ablest of them.History, therefore, without overlooking, or palliating, orexcusing any of his shortcomings or mistakes, continues to placehim foremost among the saviours of the Union and the liberatorsof the slave. Men who but a short time before hadbeen absorbed by their business pursuits, and deprecated allpolitical agitation, were startled out of their security by asudden alarm, and excitedly took sides. The terrible losses suffered by Grant'sarmy in the battles of the Wilderness spread general gloom.Sherman seemed for a while to be in a precarious position beforeAtlanta. For it was distinctly theweird mixture of qualities and forces in him, of the lofty withthe common, the ideal with the uncouth, of that which he hadbecome with that which he had not ceased to be, that made him sofascinating a character among his fellow-men, gave him hissingular power over their minds and hearts, and fitted him to bethe greatest leader in the greatest crisis of our national life. The war became like a problem ofarithmetic. 117 0 obj<>endobj 32 0 R As very young men they had come to Illinois, Lincoln fromIndiana, Douglas from Vermont, and had grown up together inpublic life, Douglas as a Democrat, Lincoln as a Whig. This should not be. Lincoln accepted thesuggestion, and the proclamation was postponed. The need of some great actto stimulate the vitality of the Union cause seemed to grow dailymore pressing. 94 0 R Some materials may be protected under international law. Much of his backwoods speech and manners stillclung to him. Then Abraham Lincoln's time was come. 71 0 R In Civil War Saints, ed. The strife ofthe election is but human nature practically applied to the factsin the case. Another defeatfollowed, the second at Bull Run. 75 0 R % His masterly skill in dialectical thrustand parry, his wealth of knowledge, his power of reasoning andelevation of sentiment, disclosed in language of rare precision,strength, and beauty, not seldom astonished his old friends. You will need written permission from the rightsholders to copy, distribute, or otherwise use copyrighted materials except as allowed by fair use or other statutory exemptions. 107 0 obj<>endobj In an improvisedcaucus the policy of pressing the interrogatory on Douglas wasdiscussed. 10 0 obj<>endobj x[Ms6Wmp #=$GCCE1lEvm6L4R]o t?h2yc7:z/*=yMVD2W8g3 W4Y dQ""s0$RyV (g|V2We6 M@ZJ"&GYb U Hoh y\7yni"D$@5J"&P,UE#gMAr* S}0eQWUE#GnZd{*Xm,`z[-&FLlY ~S+: U&rq"&_hayE#gMHV%,`M,jkp tYk(K(,`6\*cH2HHH+,f-qUKD*QDXI0T.&F^Y}S1 ,`6[M,bYo8V&GM/@i&("Yb!bb@Dg5: R9s20S,fFL,`uH While I am deeply sensibleto the high compliment of a re-election, it adds nothing to mysatisfaction that any other man may be pained or disappointed bythe result. 20 0 obj<>endobj But it had frequently happened that inpolitical campaigns Lincoln felt himself impelled, or wasselected by his Whig friends, to answer Douglas's speeches; andthus the two were looked upon, in a large part of the State atleast, as the representative combatants of their respectiveparties in the debates before popular meetings. Then came the famous "DredScott decision," in which the Supreme Court held substantiallythat the right to hold slaves as property existed in theTerritories by virtue of the Federal Constitution, and that thisright could not be denied by any act of a territorial government.This, of course, denied the right of the people of any Territoryto exclude slavery while they were in a territorial condition,and it alarmed the Northern people still more. https://www.loc.gov/item/scsm000674/. When the soldiers in the field ortheir folks at home spoke of "Father Abraham," there was no cantin it. 119 0 obj<>endobj In the name of popular sovereignty he loudly declared hisopposition to the acceptance of any constitution not sanctionedby a formal popular vote. Many people actually wondered how such a mancould dare to undertake a task which, as he himself had said tohis neighbors in his parting speech, was "more difficult thanthat of Washington himself had been.". 15 0 obj<>endobj Lord Charnwood, a British by birth, was a man of many affairs and much learning. Hestill told and enjoyed stories similar to those he had told andenjoyed in the Indiana settlement and at New Salem. 4 0 obj<>endobj It run its iron in him thenand there, May, 1831. 95 0 obj<>endobj Lincoln's famous "Gettysburgspeech " has been much and justly admired. Still another class of Union men,mainly in the East, gravely shook their heads when consideringthe question whether Lincoln should be re-elected. But even after his renomination the opposition to Lincoln withinthe ranks of the Union party did not subside. Long before the decisiveday arrived, the result was beyond doubt, and Lincoln was re-elected President by overwhelming majorities. Although he called himselfa Whig, an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, his clever stumpspeeches won him the election in the strongly Democraticdistrict. Only half of this iscorrect. "If slavery is not wrong, nothing iswrong. After acampaign conducted with the energy of genuine enthusiasm on theantislavery side the united Republicans defeated the dividedDemocrats, and Lincoln was elected President by a majority offifty-seven votes in the electoral colleges. They werethose who cherished in their minds an ideal of statesmanship andof personal bearing in high office with which, in their opinion,Lincoln's individuality was much out of accord. Such astudy of Lincoln's life will enable us to avoid the twin gulfs ofimmorality and inefficiency--the gulfs which always lie one oneach side of the careers alike of man and of nation. 90 0 obj<>endobj I understood,too, that, in ordinary civil administration, this oath evenforbade me practically to indulge my private abstract judgment onthe moral question of slavery. 131 0 obj<>endobj Henry Winter Davis and Benjamin Wadeassailed Lincoln in a flaming manifesto. Ken Alford. Thisrusticity of habit was utterly free from that affected contemptof refinement and comfort which self-made men sometimes carryinto their more affluent circumstances. The result was a disastrous failure and a load of debt.Thereupon he became a deputy surveyor, and was appointedpostmaster of New Salem, the business of the post-office being sosmall that he could carry the incoming and outgoing mail in hishat.

136 0 obj<>endobj Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as His was indeed a marvellous growth. But when the convention met at Baltimore, in June,1864, the voice of the people was heard. As members of his cabinet he could hope to control them,and to keep them busily employed in the service of a commonpurpose, if he had the strength to do so. The Southern armiesfought bravely to the last, but all in vain. But when he felt himself to be theprotector of innocence, the defender of justice, or theprosecutor of wrong, he frequently disclosed such unexpectedresources of reasoning, such depth of feeling, and rose to suchfervor of appeal as to astonish and overwhelm his hearers, andmake him fairly irresistible. Never sinceWashington's death had there been such unanimity of judgment asto a man's virtues and greatness; and even Washington's death,although his name was held in greater reverence, did not touch sosympathetic a chord in the people's hearts. Heheartily welcomed an effort made in New York to mould andstimulate public sentiment on the slavery question by publicmeetings boldly pronouncing for emancipation. 93 0 obj<>endobj Lincoln knew that the plain people were now indeed ready to fightin defence of the Union, but not yet ready to fight for thedestruction of slavery. The soreness of thatdisappointment was intensified when they saw this Western man inthe White House, with so much of rustic manner and speech asstill clung to him, meeting his fellow-citizens, high and low, ona footing of equality, with the simplicity of his good natureunburdened by any conventional dignity of deportment, and dealingwith the great business of state in an easy-going, unmethodical,and apparently somewhat irreverent way. A convention,called by the dissatisfied radicals in Missouri, and favored bymen of a similar way of thinking in other States, had been heldalready in May, and had nominated as its candidate for thePresidency General Fremont. "I have endured," wrote Lincoln not long before his death, "agreat deal of ridicule without much malice, and have received agreat deal of kindness not quite free from ridicule." 59 0 R At the same timehe himself cautiously advanced with a recommendation, expressedin a special message to Congress, that the United States shouldco-operate with any State which might adopt the gradualabolishment of slavery, giving such State pecuniary aid tocompensate the former owners of emancipated slaves. That charm did not, in the ordinary way, appealto the ear or to the eye. Probably Lincoln himself didnot expect his inaugural address to have any effect upon thesecessionists, for he must have known them to be resolved upondisunion at any cost. 108 0 obj<>endobj 115 0 obj<>endobj It may truly be said that few men in power have everbeen exposed to more daring attempts to direct their course, toseverer censure of their acts, and to more cruelmisrepresentation of their motives: And all this he met with thatgood-natured humor peculiarly his own, and with untiring effortto see the right and to impress it upon those who differed fromhim. This view canhardly be sustained. It could no longer have hoped toexpand, to maintain an equilibrium in any branch of Congress, andto control the government. The autobiography of Abraham Lincoln. 22 0 obj<>endobj Howthey felt and how they reasoned he knew, for so he had once feltand reasoned himself. He had grown upamong the poor, the lowly, the ignorant. Abraham Lincoln: A Complete Biography is best biography book of american legend by Lord Charnwood, published in 1916. 13 0 obj<>endobj To win that distinction, hehad to draw mainly upon his wits; for, while his thirst forknowledge was great, his opportunities for satisfying that thirstwere wofully slender. Such men, mostly sincere and ardentpatriots, not only wished, but earnestly set to work, to preventLincoln's renomination. Nor was Lincoln's name as that of anavailable candidate left to the chance of accidental discovery.It is indeed not probable that he thought of himself as aPresidential possibility, during his contest with Douglas for thesenatorship. His wantsremained as modest as they had ever been; his domestic habits hadby no means completely accommodated themselves to those of hismore highborn wife; and though the "Kentucky jeans" apparel hadlong been dropped, his clothes of better material and better makewould sit ill sorted on his gigantic limbs. 42 0 R 100 0 obj<>endobj He knewthat in order to steer this government by public opinionsuccessfully through all the confusion created by the prejudicesand doubts and differences of sentiment distracting the popularmind, and so to propitiate, inspire, mould, organize, unite, andguide the popular will that it might give forth all the meansrequired for the performance of his great task, he would have totake into account all the influences strongly affecting thecurrent of popular thought and feeling, and to direct whileappearing to obey. It is doubtful whether he felt himself much superior to hissurroundings, although he confessed to a yearning for someknowledge of the world outside of the circle in which he lived.This wish was gratified; but how? As soon,therefore, as, after the passage of his Kansas-Nebraska Bill,Douglas returned to Illinois to defend his cause before hisconstituents, Lincoln, obeying not only his own impulse, but alsogeneral expectation, stepped forward as his principal opponent.Thus the struggle about the principles involved in the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, or, in a broader sense, the struggle betweenfreedom and slavery, assumed in Illinois the outward form of apersonal contest between Lincoln and Douglas; and, as itcontinued and became more animated, that personal contest inIllinois was watched with constantly increasing interest by thewhole country.

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